Pharmacology is one of the fast-growing branches of medical science. This book deals with both basic information in the subject of Pharmacology as well as advanced aspects and pharmacological approaches for drug treatment of clinical conditions. Latest advancements in pharmacology during the recent past—development of newer drugs for diabetes mellitus (newer insulins, GLP-1 analogs, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors), anti-TB drugs (bedaquilin), additional generations of cephalosporins, newer antimalignancy drugs (monoclonal antibodies), and newer anti-HIV drugs (NNRTIs and protease inhibitors) have been incorporated in respective chapters. The book provides comprehensive information about drugs, including the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical and diagnostic aspects of disease conditions, therapeutic indications, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. This second edition will serve as a basic textbook for undergraduate medical students and those preparing for postgraduate entrance examinations.
Dr P Jagadish Prasad, formerly Professor and Head of the Department of Pharmacology, and Principal Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, has over forty-three years' experience in teaching and research. He graduated in medicine in 1965 and completed his post-graduation in Pharmacology in 1973 from Guntur Medical College. Since then, he has worked at many government and private medical colleges in di?erent capacities. He had been an examiner (Medicine and Pharmacy) at different universities across India. He was instrumental in the recruitment of faculty at some medical institutes in the erstwhile state of Andhra Pradesh and was a member of some hospital drug advisory committees. He had been a member of some academic bodies including the Indian Pharmacological Society for three decades. He was the chief coordinator for a WHO program investigating pesticide-related fatalities in Warangal district, Telangana. He also was a consultant for enlisting essential drugs for hospital requirements and for drug research and promotion for a few pharmaceutical companies.
Preface to Second Edition Preface to First Edition Acknowledgements
SECTION I: General Pharmacology 1 Historical Aspects and Introduction, Dosage Forms, and Drug Delivery Systems 2 Pharmacokinetics—Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination 3 Pharmacodynamics—Mechanism of Drug Action, Factors Modifying Drug Effects, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Dose–Response Relationship 4 Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Interactions, and Drug Assay 5 Drug Usage, Essential Drug Concept, and Drug Development
SECTION 2: Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System 6 General Considerations of Autonomic Nervous System and Neurohumoral Transmission 7 Adrenergic System and Adrenergic Drugs 8 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs 9 Cholinergic System and Cholinergic Drugs 10 Anticholinergic Drugs and Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia
SECTION 3: Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System 11 General Considerations and Antihypertensive Drugs 12 Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Treatment of Angina Pectoris 13 Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure 14 Drugs Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias
SECTION 4: Drugs Acting on Kidney 15 Diuretics
SECTION 5: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System 16 Organization and Functioning of Central Nervous System and Central Neurotransmitters, Sedatives, and Hypnotics 17 General Anesthetics, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, and Local Anesthetics 18 Therapeutic Approaches to Neurodegenerative and Movement Disorders 19 Drug Treatment of Psychotic Disorders 20 Drug Treatment of Epileptic Disorders 21 Opioid Analgesics 22 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gouty Arthritis 23 The Alcohols and Drugs of Abuse
SECTION 6: Autacoids 24 Histamine, H1 Antagonists, 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-HT Agonists and Antagonists 25 Ergot Alkaloids, Eicosanoids, and Vasoactive Peptides
SECTION 7: Chemotherapeutic Agents 26 General Considerations of Antibiotics, Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Quinolones, and Urinary Antiseptics and Analgesics 27 Penicillins, Cephalosporins, the Beta-lactam Antibiotics, and Miscellaneous Antibiotics 28 Aminoglycosides 29 Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol 30 Macrolides, Ketolides, Clindamycin, Streptogramins, Oxazolidinediones, and Other Antibiotic Agents 31 Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Leprosy 32 Chemotherapy of Protozoal Infections 33 Antiviral Agents and Anti-HIV Drugs 34 Antifungal Agents 35 Anthelminthic Agents 36 Cancer Chemotherapy
SECTION 8: Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Considerations 37 Hypothalamic–Pituitary Hormones 38 Adrenocorticotropic Hormones and Adrenocortical Steroids 39 Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroid Drugs 40 Ovarian Hormones 41 Androgens and Antiandrogens 42 Pancreatic Hormones and Antidiabetic Drugs 43 Drugs Affecting Bone Mineral Metabolism
SECTION 9: The Hemopoietic System 44 Drugs for Iron-Deficiency Anemia 45 Drugs for Megaloblastic Anemia, Hemopoietic Growth Factors 46 Blood Coagulation Disorders
SECTION 10: The Respiratory System 47 Drugs for Respiratory Disorders
SECTION 11: Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders 48 Drug Treatment of Acid Peptic Disorders 49 Antiemetic Drugs 50 Drugs for Motility Disorders, Purgatives and Laxatives, Antidiarrheal Agents, and Drug Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
SECTION 12: Miscellaneous Topics 51 Drug Therapy of Hyperlipidemia 52 Intravenous Fluid Therapy 53 Immune Pharmacology 54 Therapeutic Considerations of Toxic Disorders 55 Dermatological Pharmacology 56 Drugs Acting on the Uterus 57 Drug Use During Pregnancy 58 The Vitamins
Appendices 1 Prescription Writing 2 Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) 3 IAP Immunization Timetable 2016 4 Drug Regulations, Acts, and other Legal Aspects 5 Clinical Laboratory Tests—Reference Values 6 Essential Drugs for Regular and Emergency Use