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This book provides all the knowledge, practice and coaching that students need to crack the NEET exam. Volume 2 deals with the topics covered in Class 12, comprising reproduction in organisms; sexual reproduction in flowering plants; human reproduction; reproductive health; principles of inheritance and variation; molecular basis of inheritance; evolution; human health and diseases; strategies for enhancement in food production; microbes in human welfare; biotechnology – principles, processes and applications; organism and population; ecosystem; biodiversity and conservation; and environmental issues.

Salient features:

Comprehensive compilation of objective questions from previous years’ NEET papers
Exercises comprise multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, match the following and diagram-oriented questions
Indispensable compendium enables students to prepare with efficiency and accuracy
One-stop knowledge and practice treasure-trove for students that will help them to hone their time management skills and create a unique strategic approach for the exam
The Android app accompanying the book contains practice problems, mock tests, solved NEET question papers from 2020 onwards and solutions to NCERT Exemplar and practice questions

Board of Editors

Preface

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Asexual Reproduction | Introduction, Lifespan, Basic Features of Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction (Phases in Life Cycle, Events in Sexual Reproduction, Pre-fertilisation Events, Gametogenesis and Gamete Transfer) | Fertilisation, Post-fertilisation Events, Zygote, Embryogenesis

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower, Pre-fertilisation Structure and Events, Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen Grain | Pistil, Megasporangium (Ovule) and Embryo Sac | Pollination and Outbreeding Devices | Pollen–Pistil Interaction, Double Fertilisation | Post-fertilisation Structure and Events, Endosperm, Embryo, Fruit and Seeds | Apomixis and Polyembryony

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Male Reproductive System | Female Reproductive System | Gametogenesis | Menstrual Cycle | Fertilisation and Implantation | Pregnancy and Embryonic Development | Parturition and Lactation

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Human Population Growth, Methods of Birth Control, Medical Termination of Pregnancy | Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infertility

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Introduction, Inheritance of One Gene, Mendel’s Law of Inheritance – Dominance, Segregation | Explanation of Concept of Dominance, Incomplete and Codominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy, Test Cross, Lethal Gene, Inheritance of Two Genes, Law of Independent Assortment | Complementary Genes, Duplicate Genes, Epistasis, Polygenic Inheritance | Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage, Recombination, Sex Determination | Gene Mutation, Chromosomal Aberration, Genomatic Mutation, Pedigree Analysis, Genetic Disorders, Mendelian and Chromosomal Disorders, Cytoplasmic Inheritance

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA, Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA Helix | The Search for Genetic Material (Transforming Principle, The Genetic Material is DNA, Properties of Genetic Material, RNA World) | Replication (The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and the Enzyme) | Transcription (Transcription Unit and the Gene, Types of RNA, The Process of Transcription) | Genetic Code (Mutations and Genetic Code, t-RNA, The Adapter Molecule) | Translation | Regulation of Gene Expression, The Lac Operon | Human Genome Project (HGP) | DNA Fingerprinting

Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of Life | Evidence of Evolution, Theories of Evolution | Population Genetics, Hardy–Weinberg Principle | Origin and Evolution of Humans

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Common Diseases in Humans | Immunity | AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Plant Breeding | Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance, for Developing Resistance to Insects and Pests and for Improved Food Quality, Biofortification | Single-cell Protein, Tissue Culture, Green Manure, Energy Crops, Petroleum Plants | Animal Husbandry

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Introduction, Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products (Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemical Enzymes and Other Bioactive Molecules) | Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas | Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Microbes as Biofertiliser

Chapter 11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology | Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Biotechnical Applications in Agriculture | Biotechnological Applications in Medicine | Transgenic Animals | Ethical Issues

Chapter 13: Organism and Population
Introduction, Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors: Temperature, Water, Light, Soil, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations | Populations, Population Growth, Growth Models, Exponential Growth, Logistic Growth, Life History Variation | Population Interactions, Competition, Parasitism, Commensalism, Mutualism

Chapter 14: Ecosystem
Introduction, Structure and Function, Productivity, Decomposition | Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids | Ecological Succession, Nutrient Cycling, Ecosystem Services

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity (How Many Species Are There on Earth and How Many in India, Pattern of Biodiversity, Latitudinal Gradient, Species–Area Relationship) | Importance of Species (Diversity in the Ecosystem, Loss of Biodiversity, Conservation of Biodiversity)

Chapter 16: Environmental Issues
Air Pollution and its Control, Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution – A Case Study of Delhi | Water Pollution and its Control, Domestic Sewage, Industrial Effluents, Eutrophication, Case Study of Integrated Waste Water Treatment | Solid Waste, Case Study of Remedy for Plastic Waste, Agrochemicals and their Effects, Case Study of Organic Farming, Radioactive Waste | Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere, Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance, Deforestation, Case Study of People Participation in Conservation of Forests